|

Class Boundaries Formula in Statistics


Class Boundaries Formula in Statistics

In statistics, class boundaries are used to eliminate gaps between class intervals. They are essential for frequency distributions, histograms, and accurate calculation of median and mode. This topic is very important for High School, Undergraduate students, and aspirants of RPSC and other competition exams.

📖 Definition / परिभाषा

Textbook Definition:
Class Boundaries are the true or real limits of a class interval in a frequency distribution. They bridge the gaps between consecutive class intervals, making the distribution continuous.

आसान परिभाषा (Student Friendly):
जब डेटा को अलग-अलग ग्रुप्स (classes) में बांटा जाता है, तो जहाँ एक ग्रुप खत्म होता है और दूसरा शुरू होता है, उनके बीच एक छोटा सा gap आता है (जैसे 10-19 और फिर 20-29)।
Class Boundaries इन gaps को खत्म करके ग्रुप्स की असली सीमाएँ बताती हैं।


📌 Class Boundary Formula / सूत्र

क्लास बाउंड्री की गणना दो भागों में होती है:

Lower Class Boundary (LCB):

\text{LCB} = \text{LCL} - \frac{\text{Gap}}{2}

Upper Class Boundary (UCB):

\text{UCB} = \text{UCL} + \frac{\text{Gap}}{2}

जहाँ:

  • LCL = Lower Class Limit
  • UCL = Upper Class Limit
  • Gap = (Next class LCL) – (Current class UCL)

📝 Step-by-Step Process / गणना के चरण

  1. वर्ग अंतराल (Class Interval) लिखें।
  2. Gap निकालें: (Next LCL – Current UCL)।
  3. आधा Gap निकालें: Gap ÷ 2।
  4. LCB निकालें: LCL – (Gap/2)।
  5. UCB निकालें: UCL + (Gap/2)।

✅ Solved Example (Numerical)

Find class boundaries for 10-19, 20-29, 30-39.

Gap = 20 – 19 = 1 → Half Gap = 0.5

For 10–19:
\text{LCB} = 10 - 0.5 = 9.5
\text{UCB} = 19 + 0.5 = 19.5
Class Boundary = 9.5 – 19.5

For 20–29 → 19.5 – 29.5
For 30–39 → 29.5 – 39.5


🌍 Real-Life Examples

  • Height Measurement: Students grouped as 150–159, 160–169 cm → Boundary = 159.5 cm।
  • Factory Defects: 0–4 defects, 5–9 defects → Boundary at 4.5 ensures continuity।

📊 Applications / प्रयोग

  • Histogram बनाने के लिए
  • Median और Mode की calculation
  • Inclusive to Exclusive conversion

⭐ Advantages / फायदे

  • Data continuous बनता है
  • Graphical presentation आसान होता है
  • Median/Mode के लिए सटीक परिणाम

⚠️ Limitations / सीमाएँ

  • Extra calculation की आवश्यकता
  • Original limits से थोड़ा अंतर

❌ Common Mistakes / गलतियाँ

  • Class Limits और Class Boundaries को मिलाना
  • Gap गलत निकालना
  • Exclusive series में boundaries unnecessary निकालना

🎯 Expert Exam Tips

  • Histogram में हमेशा Class Boundaries use करें
  • Median/Mode के formulas में “L” का मतलब LCB होता है, LCL नहीं
  • Inclusive → Exclusive conversion हमेशा याद रखें

📋 Quick Revision Table

TermFormula / Meaning
LCBLCL - \frac{Gap}{2}
UCBUCL + \frac{Gap}{2}
GapNext LCL – Current UCL

❓ FAQs

Q1. Class Limits और Class Boundaries में अंतर क्या है?

👉 Limits = दिए गए interval values (10–19)

👉 Boundaries = Continuous values (9.5–19.5)

Q2. Boundaries कब जरूरी होती हैं?

👉 Histogram, Median, Mode के लिए।

Q3. अगर intervals already exclusive हों (10–20, 20–30), boundaries निकालनी हैं?

👉 नहीं, Limits ही Boundaries हैं।


📚 References


✍️ Author Note

Prepared by Dr. Amrita Mehta, Statistics Educator for RPSC & UGC Exams. Helping students with exam-friendly notes & solved examples.


Similar Posts

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *